p-dichlorobenzene to hydroquinone to.... , Hive Chemistry Discourse
 
    ning (Newbee) 10-17-03 08:49
No 465211
      p-dichlorobenzene to hydroquinone to.... </td> <td class="text_bg" align="right" valign="top">    </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left"> <br> The day before yesterday, SwiN was reading interesting things in the library. They said "you can't directly methoxylate p-dichlorobenzene under normal pressure and temperature conditions, except maybe photochemically"...<br>SwiN didn't like these words, as SwiN had some big dreams for SwiN's little tin of moth crystals. Now, for SwiN's purposes, even a 10% yield of 1,4 dimethoxybenzene from moth flakes would be most acceptable. So SwiN got thinking...why do these stupid chlorines just not want to react? And the answer in SwiN's head was...because they aren't STIMULATED enough yet. Which takes light. Or heat. Or...or...sonication! Yes! Amongst other papers, SwiN has seen several, usually related to sewage cleanup, that speak of knocking chlorines off benzene rings (to be replaced with hydroxyls...), with ultrasound. And how about that, SwiN just happens to have a little baby jewelry cleaner, and boy, it could use some cleaning. So,yesterday, SwiN plopped in the sonicator:<br>a dollop of p-dichlorobenzene (40mmol), <br>a bigger spoon of NaOH (120 mmol), <br>a pinch of Ajax (detergent and bleach), <br>1g of root-killer (CuSO4 crystals), <br>some copper electrical wire, <br>2g of Oxy-clean, <br>a bit of the jewelry cleaner's fluid(which SwiN assumes is just soap)<br>100mL H2O<br>150mL denatured alcohol<br>a blob of acetone to stir things up<br><br>.... well, wouldn't you know it, but it fizzed up real nice.<br>And gave off a most repulsive moth-crystal-y scent. And made annoying, loud, headache-inducing ultrasonic crackling.<br>But then, something happened. About 30 minutes in, the tone changed, and the white foaming liquid suddenly changed brown. SwiN let it run for a while longer, then poured it out into a beaker to look. All the crystals were gone. The beaker had a nasty brown powdery gunk on the bottom, and the solution was brown, too.<br>A quick check indicated that hydroquinone oxidises brown in basic solution (!) Mission Successful! Sort of! There sure was nothing else in there that was brown! All white powders here! What has SwiN oxidized SwiN's stupid moth crystals into? Hydroquinone, one step away from the holy precursor of joy? Or mixed up brown crap? Maybe both? Maybe SwiN should go easy on the oxy-clean next time? But basic solution is necesary to this process!<br><br>Swin dreams of the future--a melt phase methylation?<br>Perhaps the moth crystals can be put in a tube with solid NaOH and a high-melting methylating agent and heated to about 170 degrees celsius. As soon as the NaOH takes a Cl and gives an OH, the methylating agent will methylate it safely to -O-Me, where it will be unaffected by the basic surroundings. Maybe.....<br><br>Any ideas, bees? What should SwiN do next with the hungry sonicator and moth flakes? Of course NaOMe comes to mind, but for some reason SwiN is having trouble finding methanol and quicklime. Sad, sad, sad.<img src="../forum/images/icons_lightgrey/wink.gif" alt="wink" title="Wink" heigth="15" width="15"> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td align="left" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/left_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="7"> </td> <td align="right" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/right_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="page_bg"> <td colspan="9"> </td> </tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="text_bg"> <img src="../forum/images/left_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td colspan="7"><a name="Post466521"></a></a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top"><img src="../forum/images/right_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="2"> ning<br> <i>(<span title="The user's title at the time of posting">Hive Bee</span>)</i><br> <span title="Posting date">10-24-03 08:52</span><br> <span title="Link to this post by using the markup [466521]">No 466521</span><br> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" width="1" class="vert_ruler"> <img src="../forum/images/hr.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1"> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td class="text_bg" align="left" valign="top"> <b title="The subject of this post">Having studied more...</b> </td> <td class="text_bg" align="right" valign="top">    </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left"> <br> on quinones and hydroquinones, ning is convinced that they are the future of psychedelia, being not-so-hard to make from many common materials. So ning found some points that may be of interest to the hive-at-large:<br><br>chlorines can be removed from aromatics, if they are ortho or para to DEactivating groups, such as Nitro, or Sulfonate (sp?). Then they can be used to alkylate. <br><br>And, by the way, remember that drone's enolate synth uses chlorobenzene. Something to think about.<br><br>So here is ning's completely theoretical route from moth crystals to something surely forbidden by the analog laws.<br><br>1. Nitrate p-dichlorobenzene to 2-nitro p-dichlorobenzene, or possibly twice, to 2,5 dinitro p-dichlorobenzene.<br><br>2. Use drone's enolate synth or just alkylate acetone onto the nitro dichlorobenzene<br>(by the way, having read something about chlorination of acetone under basic conditions, it would seem to ning that perhaps a base as strong as drone recommends may not be necesary. A paper spoke of NaOH causing noticeable amounts of enolate acetone to chlorinate with NaOCl...)<br><br>3. by now, it should be obvious where ning is going. we have 1 or 2 tasty nitro groups, and a 4-position chlorine...<br>Use zinc powder and acetic acid or something to reduce the nitros to amines.<br><br>4. oxidize the amines across to a quinone, perhaps with manganese dioxide, from batteries? Or copper or iron(III) chloride...<br><br>5. reduce the quinone to a hydroquinone (again, zinc powder, etc.)<br><br>6. methylate aforementioned hydroquinone to yield 2,5 dimethoxy-4-chloro-phenyl-2-propanone<br><br>7. do with that ketone what beez do best....<br><br>So it's not DOB, sue me.<br>All of those reactions, or ones like them, are in the literature. Only thing that makes ning slightly paranoid is the nitration step, since the ring is already somewhat deactivated. But DNT can be nitrated to TNT, and that ring is quite deactivated, so ning reckons it could be done. Who will be the first to convert $7 of moth crystals to 7000 mad doses of psychedelic goodness? </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td align="left" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/left_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="7"> </td> <td align="right" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/right_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="page_bg"> <td colspan="9"> </td> </tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="text_bg"> <img src="../forum/images/left_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td colspan="7"><a name="Post466797"></a></a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top"><img src="../forum/images/right_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="2"> ning<br> <i>(<span title="The user's title at the time of posting">Hive Bee</span>)</i><br> <span title="Posting date">10-25-03 20:13</span><br> <span title="Link to this post by using the markup [466797]">No 466797</span><br> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" width="1" class="vert_ruler"> <img src="../forum/images/hr.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1"> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td class="text_bg" align="left" valign="top"> <b title="The subject of this post">sorry, ning noticed that drone's procedure...</b> </td> <td class="text_bg" align="right" valign="top">    </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left"> <br> sorry, ning noticed that drone's procedure does not say much about chlorobenzene, except that it hasn't been tried.<br>But ning has seen things involving replacement of that "stabilized" chlorine with other things, like hydroxyl groups.<br><br>Any comments on the synth idea? Ning is pretty sure all of those steps are reasonably feasible... </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td align="left" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/left_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="7"> </td> <td align="right" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/right_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="page_bg"> <td colspan="9"> </td> </tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="text_bg"> <img src="../forum/images/left_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td colspan="7"><a name="Post467580"></a></a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top"><img src="../forum/images/right_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="2"> ning<br> <i>(<span title="The user's title at the time of posting">Hive Bee</span>)</i><br> <span title="Posting date">10-29-03 09:37</span><br> <span title="Link to this post by using the markup [467580]">No 467580</span><br> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" width="1" class="vert_ruler"> <img src="../forum/images/hr.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1"> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td class="text_bg" align="left" valign="top"> <b title="The subject of this post">Ning dreamed....</b> </td> <td class="text_bg" align="right" valign="top">    </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left"> <br> Of nitration of p-DiClBz with 2mol-H2SO4, 1mol-NaNO3 in 50% isopropanol and got little bubbles. Does nitric acid attack alcohols, by any chance?<br>Next time try dreaming in acetone, ning supposes... </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td align="left" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/left_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="7"> </td> <td align="right" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/right_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="page_bg"> <td colspan="9"> </td> </tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="text_bg"> <img src="../forum/images/left_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td colspan="7"><a name="Post467640"></a></a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top"><img src="../forum/images/right_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="2"> <font color="#FF0033">Rhodium</font><br> <i>(<span title="The user's title at the time of posting">Chief Bee</span>)</i><br> <span title="Posting date">10-29-03 13:23</span><br> <span title="Link to this post by using the markup [467640]">No 467640</span><br> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" width="1" class="vert_ruler"> <img src="../forum/images/hr.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1"> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td class="text_bg" align="left" valign="top"> <b title="The subject of this post">Yes, nitric acid both oxidize and esterify...</b> </td> <td class="text_bg" align="right" valign="top">    </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left"> <br> Yes, nitric acid both oxidize and esterify alcohols. </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td align="left" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/left_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="7"> </td> <td align="right" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/right_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="page_bg"> <td colspan="9"> </td> </tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="text_bg"> <img src="../forum/images/left_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td colspan="7"><a name="Post467789"></a></a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top"><img src="../forum/images/right_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="2"> Vitus_Verdegast<br> <i>(<span title="The user's title at the time of posting">Hive Addict</span>)</i><br> <span title="Posting date">10-30-03 05:07</span><br> <span title="Link to this post by using the markup [467789]">No 467789</span><br> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" width="1" class="vert_ruler"> <img src="../forum/images/hr.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1"> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td class="text_bg" align="left" valign="top"> <b title="The subject of this post">nitrate esters</b> </td> <td class="text_bg" align="right" valign="top">    </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left"> <br> Isn't it dangerous to mix alcohols with HNO<sub>3</sub> ?<br><br>They form very shock sensitive explosive mixtures, don't they? <br> <span title="The signature"><hr><a href="http://www.geocities.com/eric_vornoff/index.htm" target="_blank" title="Jump to this external site">Consult the Hive psychiater</a> (http://www.geocities.com/eric_vornoff/i<wbr>ndex.htm<wbr>)</span> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td align="left" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/left_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="7"> </td> <td align="right" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/right_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="page_bg"> <td colspan="9"> </td> </tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="text_bg"> <img src="../forum/images/left_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td colspan="7"><a name="Post467796"></a></a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top"><img src="../forum/images/right_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="2"> <font color="#FF0033">Rhodium</font><br> <i>(<span title="The user's title at the time of posting">Chief Bee</span>)</i><br> <span title="Posting date">10-30-03 06:08</span><br> <span title="Link to this post by using the markup [467796]">No 467796</span><br> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" width="1" class="vert_ruler"> <img src="../forum/images/hr.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1"> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td class="text_bg" align="left" valign="top"> <b title="The subject of this post">nitrate esters are dangerous</b> </td> <td class="text_bg" align="right" valign="top">    </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left"> <br> Yes, nitroglycerine is for example the trinitrate ester of glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol). </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td align="left" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/left_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="7"> </td> <td align="right" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/right_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="page_bg"> <td colspan="9"> </td> </tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="text_bg"> <img src="../forum/images/left_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td colspan="7"><a name="Post467866"></a></a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top"><img src="../forum/images/right_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td rowspan="1"> </td> <td rowspan="1"> </td> <td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1"> ning<br> <span title="Posting date">10-30-03 14:18</span><br> </td> <td rowspan="1">  </td> <td rowspan="1" width="1" class="vert_ruler"> <img src="../forum/images/hr.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1"> </td> <td rowspan="1">  </td> <td class="text_bg" align="left" valign="top"> <b title="The subject of this post"> <a href="https://www.the-hive.ws/forum/showflat.pl?Number=467866&page=20&view=&sb=&Search=&vc=&new=&start=0&xrated=y&&URLForums=" title="Click here to show this downrated post">Ning will make sure...</a> </b><br> <i title="This post has been downrated by the moderators">(Rated as: insignificant)</i> </td> <td class="text_bg" align="right" valign="top">    </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td align="left" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/left_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="7"> </td> <td align="right" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/right_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="page_bg"> <td colspan="9"> </td> </tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="text_bg"> <img src="../forum/images/left_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td colspan="7"><a name="Post470102"></a></a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top"><img src="../forum/images/right_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="2"> Blind_Angel<br> <i>(<span title="The user's title at the time of posting">Hive Bee</span>)</i><br> <span title="Posting date">11-10-03 20:15</span><br> <span title="Link to this post by using the markup [470102]">No 470102</span><br> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" width="1" class="vert_ruler"> <img src="../forum/images/hr.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1"> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td class="text_bg" align="left" valign="top"> <b title="The subject of this post">the Organicum say: General experimental ...</b> </td> <td class="text_bg" align="right" valign="top">    </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left"> <br> the Organicum say:<br><br>General experimental details for the etherification of phenols with dimethyl sulphate<br><br><b>| WARNING: Dimethyl suphate is highly poisonous. See regent appendix. Work in the fume cupboard</b><br><br>The appropriate phenol is treated rapidly with stirring, in a three-necked flask provided wiht a reflux condenser, stirrer, internal thermometer, and dropping funnel, with 1,25 mole of 10% caustic alkali per acid group. With a polyphenol, because of the oxydation by atmospheric oxygen, the content of the flask immediatly assume a dark colour. In this case, the apparatus is sealed against atmospheric oxygen by means of a Bunsen valve. Now, with vigorous stirring, 1 mole of dimethyl sulphate for each phenolic hydroxy group to be esterified is added in such a way that the temperature stait below 40º(Celsius?) (water cooling). To complete the reaction and to destroy unchanged dimethyl sulphate, the mixture is then heated for 30 minutes on a boiling water bath. After cooling, in the case of liquid products the organic layer is separated off and the aqueous solution is extracted with ether. The combined organic phase are washed with dilute caustic soda and then with water, dried with calcium chloride, and fractionated. Solid reaction product are isolated by filtration, washed with water, and recystallized. Unchanged phenol can be recovered by acidifying the aqueous reaction solution and the washwaters and extracting them with ether.<br><br>In those cases where partially estherified phenols are to be prepared or arise as by-products, the solution is made alkaline and the neutral phenyl ether are first extracted. After the aqueous solution has ben acidified with concentrate hydrochloric acid, the partially etherified ohenols are precipitated and are worked up as described above. The etheral extract is not washed with caustic soda in this case.<br><br><br><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1"> <tr align="center"> <td>Ether</td> <td>Starting Material</td> <td>B.p./m.p.</td> <td>n(20/D)</td> <td>Yield (%)</td> <td>Remarks</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Phenyl methyl ether</td> <td>phenol</td> <td>B.p. 154ºC</td> <td>1,5173</td> <td>85</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>o-Cresyl methyl ether</td> <td>o-Cresol</td> <td>B.p.<sub>14</sub> 64ºC</td> <td>1,5179</td> <td>80</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>m-Cresyl methyl ether</td> <td>m-Cresol</td> <td>B.p.<sub>14</sub>65ºC</td> <td>1,5130</td> <td>80</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>p-Cresyl methyl ether</td> <td>p-Cresol</td> <td>B.p.<sub>14</sub> 65ºC</td> <td>1,512</td> <td>80</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>ß-Naphtyl methyl ether (Nerolin)</td> <td>ß-Naphtol</td> <td><br>M.p. 72ºC <br>benzene)<br></td> <td>-</td> <td>73</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Hydroquinone monomethyl ether</td> <td>Hydroquinone</td> <td><br>M.p. 56ºC<br>(petroleum ether)<br>b.p.<sub>12</sub> 128ºC<br></td> <td>-</td> <td>60</td> <td><br>Not steam-volatile ;<br>with dimethyl ether<br></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Hydroquinone dimethyl ether</td> <td>Hydroquinone</td> <td><br>M.p. 56ºC<br>(alcohol)<br>B.p.<sub>20</sub> 109ºC<br></td> <td>-</td> <td>95</td> <td>Steam-volatile</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Resorcinol monomethyl ether</td> <td>Resorcinol</td> <td>B.p.<sub>25</sub> 144ºC</td> <td>-</td> <td>50</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Resorcinol dimethyl ether</td> <td>Resorcinol</td> <td>B.p.<sub>20</sub> 110ºC</td> <td>1,5223</td> <td>85</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>p-Methoxybenzoic Acid</td> <td>p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid</td> <td><br>M.p. 184ºC<br>(alcohol/water)<br></td> <td>-</td> <td>75</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid</td> <td><br>3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid<br>(gallic acid)<br></td> <td><br>M.p. 170ºC<br>(alcohol/water)<br></td> <td>-</td> <td>70</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td><br>3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde(1)<br>(veratraldehyde)<br></td> <td><br>3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(1)<br>(vanillin)<br></td> <td><br>B.p.<sub>8</sub> 153ºC<br>M.p. 46ºC<br>(ligroin)<br></td> <td>-</td> <td>70</td> <td><br>To keep the sodium salt of vanillin<br>permanently in solution, the reation<br>is performed on a boiling water bath.<br></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>o-Nitroanisole</td> <td>o-Nitrophenol</td> <td>B.p.<sub>11</sub> 133ºC</td> <td>1,5620</td> <td>50</td> <td>-</td> </tr> </table> <br><br>(1) Vanillin and veratraldehyde are stabel to alkali. Veratraldehyde is unstable in aid and must be stored in a well sealed bottle<br><br><br>Note on dimethyl sulphate: very nasty, "go trough to skin like a hot knife in butter" to quote someone else. Release Sulfuric Acid and Methanol in the blood.<br><br>[edit]Thx Rhodium <img src="../forum/images/icons_lightgrey/smile.gif" alt="smile" title="Smile" heigth="15" width="15"> <br> <span title="The signature"><hr>/}/_//\//) /-|/\//¬/=/_</span> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td align="left" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/left_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="7"> </td> <td align="right" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/right_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="page_bg"> <td colspan="9"> </td> </tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="text_bg"> <img src="../forum/images/left_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td colspan="7"><a name="Post470134"></a><a name="last"></a></a> </td> <td align="right" valign="top"><img src="../forum/images/right_top.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="2"> <font color="#FF0033">Rhodium</font><br> <i>(<span title="The user's title at the time of posting">Chief Bee</span>)</i><br> <span title="Posting date">11-11-03 00:27</span><br> <span title="Link to this post by using the markup [470134]">No 470134</span><br> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" width="1" class="vert_ruler"> <img src="../forum/images/hr.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1"> </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td class="text_bg" align="left" valign="top"> <b title="The subject of this post">Why your table is in error</b> </td> <td class="text_bg" align="right" valign="top">    </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td colspan="2" valign="top" align="left"> <br> <font color="blue"><br>[td]-[/td]</font color="blue"><br><font color="red">[tr]<br>[/tr]</font color="red"><br><font color="blue">[td]m-Cresyl methyl ether[/td]</font color="blue"> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="text_bg"> <td align="left" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/left_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> <td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="7"> </td> <td align="right" valign="bottom"><img src="../forum/images/right_bottom.gif" border="0" height="12" width="9"></td> </tr> <tr class="page_bg"> <td colspan="9"> </td> </tr> </body> </html>