GBL synthesis starting from 1,3-Propanediol , Hive Methods Discourse


		Rhodium (Chief Bee) 02-19-04 14:53 No 489813				GBL synthesis starting from 1,3-Propanediol (Rated as: excellent)
						Investigations of the Olefinic Acids. Part X. The Formation of Lactones from Butenoic and Pentenoic Acids E. J. Boorman & R. P. Linstead J. Chem. Soc. 577-580 (1933) (../rhodium/pdf /gbl.hydroxynitrile.pdf) Summary Describes a synthesis of gamma-butyrolactone from trimethylene chlorohydrin and discusses lactone/acid equilibriums in aqueous solution. A preparation of trimethylene chlorohydrin from 1,3-propanediol can be found in Organic Syntheses, CV 1, 533 (http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=cv1p0533) ^{The Hive - Clandestine Chemists Without Borders}



		Rhodium (Chief Bee) 03-14-04 12:11 No 495116				4-hydroxybutyrate esters (Rated as: good read)
						Rates and Equilibria in the Reaction of gamma-Butyrolactone with Alcohols. A Convenient Synthesis of 4-Hydroxybutyrates H. C. Brown and K. A. Keblys J. Org. Chem 31, 485-487 (1966) (../rhodium/pdf /gbl.alcoholysis.equilibria.pdf) Abstract The acid-catalyzed alcoholysis of gamma-butyrolactone yields an equilibrium mixture of the lactone and the corresponding 4-hydroxybutyrates. Methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl esters of 4-hydroxybutyric acid were isolated in 10-50% yield. The relative rates of the acid-catalyzed reaction of gamma-butyrolactone with alcohols decrease in the order: methyl > ethyl > isopropyl. The equilibrium constants and the equilibrium concentrations of the corresponding 4-hydroxybutyrates have been determined. ^{The Hive - Clandestine Chemists Without Borders}