MDMA_AcTIvEsTS
(Stranger) 10-05-03 23:25 No 462904 |
INFO: Peracid information for Newbees | |||||||
PERACID INFO: for Newbees and bees alike! As this seems to be a topic of relevancy at the moment SWIM thought that he would add SWIM's contribution to the HIVE' Hydrogen peroxide applications in organic chemistry Hydrogen peroxide is used in many reactions in organic chemistry ; among them the most important ones are : synthesis of peroxides (peracids, hydroperoxides, diacyl peroxides…) ; epoxidation of olefins ; oxidation of amines. Synthesis of peroxides: The peracids 'see ../rhodium/peracid. Designed specifically for azeotropic distillation using solvents lighter than water. Each Dean-Stark trap comes standard with a 4mm bore PTFE stopcock. Of course, there are many varieties concerning this application, but this provides one with the basic gist of the application. The hydroperoxides may be prepared by oxidation of the corresponding alcohols by means of H2O2 in presence of an acidic catalyst (for example H2SO4). Finally, diacyl peroxides can be synthesized from the corresponding acid chloride, H2O2 and caustic soda. Epoxidation of double bond C=C: Different routes are available to carry out epoxidation of double bond C=C : epoxidation by hydroperoxides, epoxidation by peracids and epoxidation by H2O2 catalyzed by zeolites. Epoxidation by peracids may be performed either by a peracid prepared in a preliminary step (see previous paragraph concerning "synthesis of peracids"), or by a peracid prepared in situ. A process of this latter type consists of using simultaneously H2O2, formic acid, an acidic catalyst and the material to epoxidize. Amine oxidation: Amines react with hydrogen peroxide differently regarding the type of amine (primary, secondary, tertiary) and according to the operating conditions. Primary amines lead to the formation of either hydroxylamines or oximes or nitroalcanes. Secondary amines are oxidized mainly in N-substituted hydroxylamines. For tertiary amines, the chemistry is simpler because only the corresponding amine oxides are formed INFO: For newbees and bees alike, like my self! MDMA_ACTiVesTS: For the prolongation and support of MDMA' |
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poseidon (Stranger) 10-23-03 01:42 No 466260 |
this is a good tool for learning... | |||||||
This is a good tool for learning how to use the dean-stark trap. other bees might find it just as convenient to let the mixture stir on it's own for 72+ hours as opposed to babbysitting the dean-stark... |
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