05-20-02 11:50
No 311386
I ran into this compound while looking to add to the arylation thread posted earlier , I just wanted to bring it up it has potential........I hope it doesn't violate the lenght guidelines...
Pd(OAc)2
PhI + =C•CH2OH•CH3+---------------------------
PhCh2•CH•CHO•CH3 +Et3NH + I-
Organic Syntheses, CV 7, 361
2-METHYL-3-PHENYLPROPANAL
[Benzenepropanal, a-methyl-]
Submitted by S. A. Buntin and R. F. Heck1
Checked by C. M. Tice and C. H. Heathcock
1. Procedure
A 250-mL, three-necked, round-bottomed flask, equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a reflux condenser, is charged with 0.49 g (2.2 mmol) of palladium acetate (Note 1), 20.4 g (100 mmol) of iodobenzene, 9.0 g (125 mmol) of 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol, 12.6 g (125 mmol) of triethylamine, and 32.5 mL of acetonitrile (Note 2). The reaction vessel is placed in an oil bath at 100°C and the solution is heated to reflux for 11 hr under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature and transferred to a 500-mL separatory funnel with the aid of 100 mL of ether and 100 mL of water. The organic layer is washed five times with 100 mL portions of water. The combined aqueous layers are reextracted with 100 mL of ether. The organic layers are combined, dried over anhydrous sodium carbonate, and filtered. The organic layer is concentrated and distilled under reduced pressure. The product, 2-methyl-3-phenyl-propanal, 12.05 g (82%), has a boiling range of 52–58°C at 0.40 mm (Note 3).
2. Notes
1.
Palladium acetate was prepared by the method of Stephenson et al.2 A suitable material is also available from the Strem Chemical Company or Alfa Inorganics.
2.
Iodobenzene, 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol, and triethylamine were obtained from the Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. Acetonitrile was obtained from the J. T. Baker Chemical Company. All these reagents were used as received.
3.
The 2-methyl-3-phenylpropanal is 90% pure by GLC. The product mixture contains 6% of another isomer, 2-methyl-2-phenylpropanal, and a small amount of 2-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol. A completely pure sample of the aldehyde is readily obtained by stirring the crude aldehyde with excess saturated aqueous sodium bisulfite solution for several hours, filtering the solid bisulfite adduct, washing with ether, and liberating the aldehyde with excess aqueous sodium bicarbonate. Redistillation gives the completely pure aldehyde in about 60% yield.
3. Discussion
The reaction of allylic alcohols and aryl halides in the presence of a palladium catalyst has been used in the past to prepare various b-arylaldehydes. The procedure described here is essentially that of Heck and Melpolder.3 A similar reaction has been carried out with bromobenzene and 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol in hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPT) as solvent with sodium bicarbonate as base. A variety of other bases have also been used.4 2-Methyl-3-phenylpropanal has been prepared by reacting palladium acetate and phenylmercuric acetate with 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol.5
The aldehyde is also obtained by the hydroformylation of allylbenzene.6 An alternative method involves benzylation of 2-ethylthiazoline followed by reduction with aluminum amalgam and cleavage with mercuric chloride.7 A sixth method of preparation is the phenylation of 2-vinyl-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazine with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by methylation and hydrolysis.8 Finally, arylation of 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol with phenyldiazonium salts catalyzed by zero-valent palladium complexes gives the title aldehyde.9
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References and Notes
1. Department of Chemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711.
2. Stephenson, T. A.; Morehouse, S. M.; Powell, A. R.; Heffer, J. P.; Wilkinson, G. J. Chem. Soc. 1965, 3632–3640.
3. Heck, R. F.; Melpolder, J. B. J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 265.
4. Chalk, A. J.; Magennis, S. A. J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 273.
5. Heck, R. F. Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. VI 1988, 815.
6. Lai, R.; Ucciani, E. C. R. Hebd. Seances Sci., Ser. C 1972, 275, 1033; Chem. Abstr. 1973, 78, 42963g.
7. Durandetta, J. L.; Meyers, A. I. J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 2021.
8. Adickes, H. W.; Kovelesky, A. C.; Malone, G. R.; Meyers, A. I.; Nabeya, A.; Nolen, R. L.; Politzer, I. R.; Portnoy, R. C. J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 36.
9. Kikukawa, K.; Matsuda, T. Chem. Lett. 1977, 159.
(Chief Bee)
05-20-02 12:03
No 311393
What is your suggestion? To use this synthesis together with ../rhodium /phenyla
(Newbee)
05-20-02 12:42
No 311401
Well how about a reductive amination ,
\ Ni
C=O + NH3 +H2 ----------> CH2 NH2
/
would this work in this situation? I just a thought it looked very promising...........my only question is if it will re arrange itself or will it attach itself and look:
Phe•CH2•CH2•(CH2NH3)•CH3. or
Phe•CH2•CH2•(NH2CH3)•CH3
and is the methyl amine group active either way ?
(Chief Bee)
05-20-02 14:53
No 311452
It would work, but look at the structure of 2-Phenylpropanal - the product would be 1-methyl-2-phenethylamine - which is inactive.