10-01-02 21:28
No 362851
Have not seen this here. HTML link that contains hyperlink references at the bottem:
It has been reported that serious explosions may occur when impure tetrahydrofuran is treated with solid potassium hydroxide or with concentrated aqueous potassium hydroxide, as has been recommended widely for the purification of tetrahydrofuran; see Org. Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 4, 474, 792 (1963); Vol. 40, 94 (1960). There is evidence that the presence of peroxides in the tetrahydrofuran being purified was causal. It is strongly recommended, therefore, that this method not be used to dry tetrahydrofuran, if the presence of peroxides is indicated by a qualitative or quantitative test with acidic aqueous iodide solution. Traces of peroxide can be removed by treatment with cuprous chloride; see p. 692. The safety of this operation should be checked first on a small scale (1–5 ml.). It is recommended that tetrahydrofuran containing larger than trace amounts of peroxides be discarded by flushing down a drain with tap water. It must be kept in mind that mixtures of tetrahydrofuran vapor and air are easily ignitable and explosive; purification is best carried out in a hood which is well exhausted and which does not contain an ignition source.
The best procedure for drying tetrahydrofuran appears to be distillation (under nitrogen) from lithium aluminum hydride. This operation should not be attempted until it is ascertained that the tetrahydrofuran is peroxide-free and also not grossly wet. A small-scale test can be carried out in which a small amount of lithium aluminum hydride is added to ca. 1 ml. of the tetrahydrofuran to determine whether a larger-scale drying operation with lithium aluminum hydride would be too vigorous for safe operation. Tetrahydrofuran so purified rapidly absorbs both oxygen and moisture from air. If not used immediately the purified solvent should be kept under nitrogen in a bottle labeled with the date of purification. Storage for more than a few days is not advised unless 0.025% of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol is added as an antioxidant.
There are no indications that peroxide-free, but moisture-containing, tetrahydrofuran cannot safely be predried over potassium hydroxide. However, even this operation should be attempted only after a test-tube scale experiment to make sure that a vigorous reaction does not occur.
A peroxide-free grade of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (stabilized by 0.025% of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol) is available currently (1966) from F***** Scientific Co. in 1-lb. bottles. This product as obtained from freshly opened bottles has been found to be suitable for reactions such as the formation of Grignard reagents in which purity of solvent is critical (d* P*** Co., unpublished observations). It is standard practice in at least one laboratory to use only tetrahydrofuran (F*****) from freshly opened bottles and to discard whatever material is not used within 2–3 days.
http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/orgsyn/prep
-oc
Q: How many LE agents does it take to change a lightbulb?
A: 0, Pigs can't change lightbulbs.
(Hive Bee)
10-02-02 00:37
No 362927
10 % aqueous potassium iodide. If positive (yellow colour) shake with 1/5 V 5 % aq. sodium bisulfite untill test for peroxides is negative. Small V may then be purified through Activity I alumina. Dry by standing over KOH (s) (pellets) overnight and then over Na-wire. Very dry ethers are obtained by reflux of the sodium-dried material (1 dm3) over Na (3 g) and benzophenone (1 g) untill the mixture develops the deep purple colour of the sodium bensophenone ketyl. Distill and use immediatly. Never attempt to distill to dryness. And as you know by now: Never distill without verifying abscence of peroxides... Good Luck...
[pH]armacist - Apotekare