09-19-03 05:05
No 459939
Electrochemical Behavior of an Interpenetrating Polymer
Network Hydrogel Composed of Poly(propylene glycol)
and Poly(acrylic acid)
Seon Jeong Kim,1 Ki Jung Lee,1 Sun I. Kim,1, Young Moo Lee,2 Tack Dong Chung,3
Sang Hoon Lee4
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
2School of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
3Department of Chemistry, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonau, Korea
Received 6 August 2002; accepted 12 November 2002
ABSTRACT: An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)
hydrogel based on poly(propylene glycol) and poly(acrylic
acid) was prepared by UV irradiation. The swelling behavior
of the IPN hydrogel was studied by the immersion of the gel
in aqueous NaCl solutions of various concentrations. The
swelling ratio decreased with an increase in the NaCl concentration.
The electrically sensitive behavior of the IPN
hydrogel in electric .elds was also investigated. The IPN
hydrogel also showed a stepwise bending behavior that
depended on the electric stimulus. The bending angle and
bending speed of the IPN hydrogel were greatest in 0.6 wt %
aqueous NaCl and increased with an increase in the applied
voltage. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89:
2301–2305, 2003
Full Article: http://nbt.hanyang.ac.kr/images/paper/p3
Google cashe: http://www.google.com/search?q=cache%3As
It's very easy reading, so don't bee intimidated. Read it all, it's fucken solid.
=======================
I would bee so excited if someone would like to test this on either some locked up methamphetamine or overbased pseudo that has been trapped due to Orange beeing activated..
Hopefully the freebase will rise to the surface in the case of the psuedo freebase.
Use carbon electrodes (Grey-led pencils duh) and a battery to pass a current through the aqueous solution of locked up sudo.
The water should already contain enough ions to play with due to the (bungled) basification. Only add more NaCl after attempting the solution without adding any.
Another suggestion is to use a stop/start technique in your ground-breaking science, by this I mean simply stopping and starting the flow of electric current by switching it on and off.
If you notice fb surfacing don't stop, continue as you have been, because the hydrogels could still contain more of your sudo.
The reason I suggest starting and stopping is beecause the gist of it is that the Na ions displace the sudo within the hydrogel entrapments by weight of numbers. So imagine the pumping action on the gels, contract/dilate.
This is the “something” I found for ware. I did PM him regarding it but he hasn't replied, so I think it's best to leave him in peace with an empty mailbox...
(Stoni's sexual toy)
09-19-03 08:09
No 459962
What they describe in that paper has nothing to do with the materials that might be encountered in pills.
I'm not fat just horizontally disproportionate.
http://www.whatreallyhappened.com
(Hive Bee)
09-19-03 14:31
No 459994
A while back...
CANDIDATES FOR SOFTGEL DELIVERY SYSTEM
A number of compounds can be formulated to deliver faster onset of effect with lower dosage and lower side effects. There are at present a number of compounds in early phase of development that could benefit from softgel formulation to give faster absorption, improved and uniform bio availability. Moreover there are a number of poorly-soluble pharmaceutical compounds offering a huge market potential when delivered in softgels. Scherasol from RP Scherer Ltd and BritHealth's Fast Absorption Systems(B-FAS) offer opportunities for these pharmaceutical compounds for faster and uniform absorption.
According to Technology Catalysts International(TCI), there are at least 83 drugs with World-wide sales exceeding US$100 million that are insoluble or poorly soluble in water, and have total combined sales of approximately US$45 billion. Of these candidates ,TCI has identified 26 drugs which are most suitable for reformulation in softgel delivery system. If these lead compounds are coupled with novel delivery systems, TCI estimates that the reformulated products will generate an additional US$8 billion in revenues.
The compounds are:
Antihistamines - clemastine,chlorpheniramine,dexchlorphen
Analgesics - ibuprofen, paracetamol, ketoprofen, naproxen and combinations
Antidepressants - fluoxetine(Prozac),buspirone(Buspar),Phy
Antinauseants - compazine,chlorpromazine,perphenazine,ph
Anorexiants - dextroamphetamine, phentermine, mazindol
Biological compounds - bromocryptine, apomorphine, selegiline, amitriptyline, dopamine precursors, serotonin precursors
Cardiovascular compounds - nitroglycerin, ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, beta blockers
Decongestants - dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine,phenylpropanolamine
Peptides/Proteins and other biopharmaceuticals - cyclosporine, insulin, calcitonin etc
Sedatives - barbiturates, benzodiazepines
Steroids - testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and combinations
Sleeping Drugs - temazepam, diphenhydramine, zolpidem, triazolam, nitrazepam
Softgel delivery systems also offer opportunities for many new chemical entities including peptides/other biopharmaceuticals and other pharmaceuticals those requiring reformulation due to bio availability concerns/patent extension.
It wasn't Me!
(Hive Bee)
09-19-03 18:12
No 460025
Osmium, what are you referring to, bee specific? Please, I've seen all of the components described in time-release patents.......
For now, here's a brief reference to IPN's use as a time-release mechanism in another competitors patented approach.
'An approach wherein the principal energy source governing the release of drugs from polymeric matrices is osmotic in nature is discussed by Gale et al, "Use of Osmotically Active Therapeutic Agents in Monolithic Systems", J. Memb. Sci. 2, 319-331 (1980). Mueller et al., "Gradient-IPN-Modified Hydrogel Beads: Their Synthesis by Diffusion-Polycondensation and Function as Controlled Drug Delivery Agents", J. App. Polym. Sci. 27, 4043-4064 (1982), discuss the utilization of osmotic and gradient effects in using IPN (interpenetrating polymer network) membranes and matrices to improve drug delivery rates. The use of heterogeneous interpenetrating polymer network matrices for the controlled release of drugs is further disclosed by Bae et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,921,287 which issued Jun. 5, 1990.'
[See full discussion in patent 5,484,610 (pH and temperature sensitive terpolymers for oral drug delivery)]
==========
If it doesn't work, that's not ideal, but it gives an excellent hint as to what polymer or copolymers the mechanism is based upon.
It will tell you that the SS (suspended solid - "sperm" - hydrogel) isn't osmotic in nature.
Another note: ALL of these hydrogels have weak mechanical strength.
Edited out: by de-pressurising the liquid using a vacuum or even a large modified coffee plunger is going to stress them strongly and hopefully release the freebase.
Forgive me, I don't properly understand the physics of this operation. But Ill leave it out there in case someone wants to investigate it.
Shorty, It's all relevant!
(Hive Addict)
09-20-03 10:01
No 460114
Ibee finds himself on the delivery end of disagreeing with OS here! To make a statement without backing it up with fact is like pissing in the wind!
Halfkast provided documentation that IS supported by numerous patents! Hydrogels are used in the pills as foilers to extraction of the main ingredients! They need to be used in time released systems of delivery and one example is the combination of MCC and HYDROXYPROPYL Methylcellulose which makes up the DryMatrix Formulation and gels when it comes in contact with water.
Os: If you have evidence to the contrary...please be more explicit!
Bee's aren't reporting difficulty because they are being successful with extraction. Evidence supports the culprit is the delivery systems being used and hydrogels like solgel and others are used in pfed manufacture.
Halfkast also places us at a crossroad to success by offering UP a viable workaround which is more than most are willing to stake their ego's or reputation on!
When and if the time ever comes again....Ibee plans to incorporate his pulsing suggestion and report the findings!
The other exotic methods that need to be explored are endless but might include centrefudge(yummy
)and ultrasound or other sciencefictionary approaches!You're only as limited as you're creative mind and imagination! This leaves little room for close mindeedness to creep in!
It's refreshing to see others taking action and helping with the research.
It's the prelude to successfully taking action against that which stands in our way!
Common sense is genius dressed up in work clothes.
(Hive Bee)
09-21-03 05:42
No 460230
Precious & Excellent Ware! that was very kind, thank-you mate!
Osmium, have you ever achieved anything based on your own merit? Don't read too much in to that statement, I know I can't know. Spooky.
Bring your evidence forward or mark the post as misinformating.
3.3.5 Electrically stimulated release devices.
Yuk et al. (1992). prepared monolithic devices using polyelectrolyte gels which swelled when, for example, an external electrical stimulus was applied, causing a change in pH. The release could be modulated, by the current, giving a pulsatile release profile.
(Review of Pharmaceutical Controlled Release Methods and Devices.
By Paul A. Steward.)
(Stoni's sexual toy)
09-22-03 07:53
No 460388
> Hydrogels are used in the pills as foilers to extraction of
> the main ingredients! They need to be used in time released
> systems of delivery and one example is the combination of
> MCC and HYDROXYPROPYL Methylcellulose
Ok, so MCC and hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose are sometimes used in pills.
And the paper halfkast quoted was about:
> Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogel Composed of
> Poly(propylene glycol) and Poly(acrylic acid)
Now can ANYONE please explain to me what these polymers (supposedly) have in common?
I suggest you retards look up INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS, the meaning of the term HYDROGEL, and read a few pages about comparing apples with citrus fruits (including oranges).
God beware that you people ever get your hands on the real Chemical Abstracts Online Search...
> Osmium, have you ever achieved anything based on your own merit?
I guess not. Certainly not when compared to you.
I'm not fat just horizontally disproportionate.
http://www.whatreallyhappened.com
(Hive Addict)
09-22-03 15:56
No 460459
Allow this retard to take a crack addict....ooops....errr...I mean "CRACK AT IT".
You're not a plumber by any chance are ya Os?
Hold on! Before I step up to the plate and dazzle you with the facts, I think it's time that we try to discover that which seems to place us at odds on some subjects!
My gut feelings tell me that your formal education stands in the way by focusing on fixed ideas.
This subject of hydrogels is just one example that helps me draw that conclusion!
Perhaps the only thing permanent about our world is change!
In the world of science, more explicitly, The Central Science.....Chemistry is a changing science.
Therefore, the questions that chemists seek to answer are constantly changing also. Because of this, we might define chemistry as what chemists do. In many regards this definition is unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, it does suggest that chemistry itself changes as chemists absorb new information from other fields, tackle new problems, or re-examine old ones in new ways. If the new chemist adopts a term already occupied by definition because of similarities, it's important to stay current and up to date on the newest findings and the jargon used to describe this new activity!
Don't fault us for reading between, behind, or even snorting
the lines in areas that are of grave concern to us!Because vested interests have a powerful stake in public policy, the public often is presented with conflicting information and claims!
Soas to not appear retarded here, I won't lecture further, so don't close your mind just yet!
You've all witnessed that Ibee is always ready willing and more than able to bury bees in documentation regarding areas of research he feels he's completed and understands.
The Pill Formulation research is one area that many lack the capacity of prinicipal understanding to the point of actively pioneering workarounds. Why??? Because reading patents is boring as hell and they'd rather let someone else do it! It's an intimidating task I agree! It takes months just to disect a patented formulation and then months more to compare lab experiments and validate results based on the best understanding!
I do give you credit for giving me credit by agreeing with me on drymatrix formulation being a type of hydrogel, if only by association.
The "Hydrogel" terminology was encountered during many of the numerous patent reads regarding "sympathomimetic denaturants"!
And in due time, I'll list all the industry trademark names for the most prefered embodiments that incorporate their use as a means of "Controlled" drug delivery systems!
Mostly the term Hydrogel can be found in topical, dermal or transdermal delivery in wound healing applications, but as you will see, the definition covers a much broader scope in chemistry and Pharm medicine.!
What is a hydrogel?
A hydrogel is a polymeric material that has the ability to swell in water without dissolving, and to retain water within its structure.
Hydrogels can generally be described as two-component systems:
•first, water
•second, a three-dimensional polymer network
Okay! Now this describes the drymatrix formulation to a tee!
There are many more complex polymers which we'll flip on deck as a follow up when time allows just so you don't think I'm blowing smoke at yer CRACK about hydrogels not being used in the newer embodiments!
The Hybrid variety are the ones of interest to bees!
One more QUICK tidbit:
Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Release
City College: C. Steiner
Prof. Steiner has patented a new class of materials, called two-phase hydrogels, with interfacial and transport properties that can be exploited to great advantage in emerging technologies such as controlled drug release. The materials are characterized by hydrophobic microdomains dispersed throughout a water-swollen polymer network. The microdomains can serve as reservoirs for drug compounds permeating these gels. Drug is released from the gel to the surroundings by diffusion. However, the driving force for diffusion, namely, the concentration of the solute in the bulk gel, can be kept nearly constant for prolonged times if the gels are engineered such that the interfacial flux of drug from the microdomains to the bulk balances the diffusive flux out of the gel.
This unique system overcomes many of the disadvantages of currently available drug release platforms. Our research program addresses all aspects of the rational design, fabrication, testing, and modeling of these new materials.
Peace of the reaction
Have FUN-Bee SAFE
Common sense is genius dressed up in work clothes.
(Hive Bee)
09-22-03 20:11
No 460486
Osmium! I think you've put quite a reasonable amount of effort in to that reply, well done!
Now can ANYONE please explain to me what these polymers (supposedly) have in common?
Osmium...yes I shall try do that for you.
I don't think it's the chemical make-up of the hydrogel, but the fact that it is a hydrogel which makes it responsive to electrical currents.
Maybee the fact that it is a hydrogel suspended in an electrolyte will prove to bee more accurate, because in that environment there's an exchange of the electrolyte external and internal of the hydrogel.
I dare say that a dehydrated segment of the polymeric system they chose for they're hygrogel experiment would have no response to electrical current.
I doubt they formulated a hydrogel to behave like this when they don't even know what causes the behavior.
Bottomline is: Electrical currents likely fuck with hydrogels incorporated in to pills.
-they are teaming with water
-they are permeable to pfed molecules and ions.
I suppose another thing to consider is the majority of the electrons taking the easy path around the hydrogels...Well there's many things to consider. Mostly useless I'm sure.
Ware what is the centrefudge? secret?
(Stoni's sexual toy)
09-23-03 00:59
No 460517
Keep up the good work.
And don't break mommy's kitchen implements when you throw everything remotely related (plus some not at all related) in one big pot and start to swirl and stir it real strong like, so as to produce the one big unified theory of hydrogel pills.
I'm not fat just horizontally disproportionate.
http://www.whatreallyhappened.com
(Hive Bee)
09-23-03 04:32
No 460538
HHAAHAHAHAAHAHAAHAHAHAHHHAHAAHAHAHAAHAHA
real strong like hahah
some things not related at all haha
"big" unified theory hahaheh
Very good. Os can you search for refs in any "real" journals about hydrogels and electric currents?
And constant post-paragraph pictures are essential.
Mind you don't accidently paste in the img directly the animality & childporn photos with the same soul-less, single-digit filenames you currently have on your clipboard.
(Stoni's sexual toy)
09-23-03 06:21
No 460540
A polymer will not move much through an electric field when in solution, because it is a polymer.
And a polymer that starts twitching when current is applied might be highly interesting from a scientific standpoint, but that won't help you much with your pill soup either because the polymer in your soup is neither a polyelectrolyte nor an interpenetrating polymer network, nor is your MCC even remotely related chemically to a PPO/acrylic acid IPN.
BTW, (don't tell anyone), I have personally worked with polymers which could be classified as 'hydrogels', and I have also worked with bulk amounts of PPO polymers. Contrary to you, I suppose.
I hope nobody will tell you people which everyday items contain PPO, lest you people start ruining your furniture and cars ripping out all that upholstery foam in the quest to build the better, bigger mousetrap.
I'm not fat just horizontally disproportionate.
http://www.whatreallyhappened.com
(Hive Bee)
09-23-03 08:16
No 460557
I'm going to do more research on saturated hydrogels, hopefully the types incorporated in to pills okay?
I've only scratched the surface...of course I can't make things that just aren't there.
One concern I did have from the outset is if mostly insoluble cross-linked polymers were permeable aswell. Specifically orange, where it is clearly designed to not let go in an environment (very high pH) that it is obviously not going to bee exposed to when used as prescribed.
Look I don't think this is a dead end.
Of course there are probably IPNs in some pills. There are hydrogels. Ware would know more but I think they are probably the last line of defense and 9 times out of 10 something like this isn't even worth a try, but in the case of orange, where you have your fb trapped in a suspended solid, it's well worth a try.
Like ware Ill definetly report back about any attempts.
You've worked with hydrogels? Well your always welcome to offer interesting thoughts or notes you remember or see if you find this interesting heh I can tell that you do...
(Hive Addict)
09-23-03 16:18
No 460632
I'll tell everybee right now that Ibee may never surpass the intellect or scholar ability of many here. In a formal sense! Most of Ibee's research revolves around picking up things discarded by others or simply looking into things that others find not worthy of examination because they can't find an assimilating quality!
Knowing ware to start is no easy task and takes time when the obsession is thrust into the back seat by a lack of understanding the fundamental principals! Ibee pushes forward with determination to learn more! Since coming to The Hive, Ibee's bound and determined to become a better problem solver! He's got to live up to the label "Problem Child" somehow!
Os: In this thread we are talking Apples and Citrus Fruit!
Actions speak louder than words and I'm not getting anywhere talking trash about the treasures to be found under the next unturned stone!
Experiments await. Real Solutions to real problems!
So if you'll excuse me on this subject for the time being, the proof will be in the "putting".
Halfkast:
Once Ibee gets off the
with Dwarfers neigh-bore Marvin he'll bake a batch of Centrefudge Cook-E's!Keep UP the research end!
You take the electro-....side
and Ibee will take the ....-motives side
and we'll meet in the middle on this one!
Deal????
Clowns to the left of us....Jokers on the right....Ware
Eye. Stuck in the Mud-Whole with ewe!
Have FUN-Bee SAFE
Common sense is genius dressed up in work clothes.
(Hive Bee)
09-26-03 04:44
No 461185
Deal, of course.
If it's possible we'll do it weare. But the truth is usually seen and rarely heard.
The price is little, the prize is big
it bewilders me why so many others don't have a dig
it might bee useless, it might bee fake, it might even bee a lie
but if you refuse to try you may aswell bee a fly, or worse a bee destined to die...
oh why won't you please just try? Don't you kare...? Dear fly? Fuk you, try i said-shuttup.
Weare, beware of Marvin, I once knew a Marvin, I eventually figured his stupid decisions would leave me starvin'
What he doesn't know won't hurt him
He won't bee hurtin' if you don't let him in [on...]
what it is that gives him a hard[on]
For he is stupid-you can tell him whatever you wanna.
He won't deem you a conna!
You'll bee tight, safe and sound from the pounds of the war
Marvin a good friend though stupid, will not fall.
I will depart now, and get a start[!!!--GO!]
P.S. You can go back in to your shell.
(esoteric)
09-27-03 14:18
No 461376
der 'MOID-man actually admitted to
a MISTOOK! (He tried to cover it up,
but <GASP> it IS a NEW AND HUMBLE OSMOID!!)
WATTA GUY!!
Slinging deprecation and sneers,
(as per usual..)
but !!
NEVERTHELESS!
PSST: let's bait him some..
HEY OSMOID:
when you said:
(the)polymer in your soup is neither a polyelectrolyte.....(etc)
are you here intending to differentiate poly-electrolytes
from poly ampholytes??.
It's a slim line you be treading, though plausibly
justifiable..
but more likely,your just
WRONG AGAIN!
dwarfer
(Stoni's sexual toy)
09-27-03 15:41
No 461383
If YOU say so...
I'm not fat just horizontally disproportionate.
http://www.whatreallyhappened.com
(esoteric)
09-30-03 15:36
No 461957
OK OK I can't stand it:
I'll give you a draw..
dwarfer