Rhodium: Drug Chemistry Archive

Rhodium: Drug Chemistry Archive



	Orbitals are for mathematicians - Organic chemistry is for people who likes to cook! - Alexander Shulgin MDMA / MDA Comprehensive Safrole FAQ Safrole from Plants Safrole - Synthesis & Reactions (Beilstein Crossfire search) Distillation of Safrole Determination of Essential Oil Safrole Content Safrole Isomerization (Review) Notes on the synthesis of Chloro/Bromo/Iodosafrole Phenyl-2-halopropanes (Beilstein Crossfire search) Alkyl halides to carbonyls using 2-Nitropropane (for example bromosafrole to MDP2P) Alkyl halides to carbonyls using NaIO₄/DMF Notes on the Delepine reaction MDMA via direct aminomercuration of safrole Propenylbenzenes from propiophenones Aryl ketones (Propiophenones) to Aryl alkenes (Propenylbenzenes) The Complete Book Of Ecstacy Manufacture of MDA Analogs by Dal Cason (Really comprehensive) Safrole purification with Mercury(II)acetate MDA from MDP2Pol; the Mitsunobu reaction Purification of MDP2P with Sodium Bisulfite Purification of MDP2P via its NaI complex Complete MDMA Synthesis by Bright Star Complete MDMA Synthesis by Dr Drool MDA from Bromosafrole using PTC and an azide MDMA via Tosyl Chloride Intermediate? Photoamination - One step from isosafrole to MDMA Pseudonitrosite FAQ MDP2P by 2-Nitropropene Alkylation of 1,3-Benzodioxole Impurities in Commercially Available MDP2P A Study of the Precursors, Intermediates and Reaction Byproducts in the Synthesis of MDMA Epoxide related Peracid (Performic/Peracetic) oxidation of isosafrole to MDP2P (Review) Oxidation of propenylbenzenes to P2P's using Peracetic Acid Meinwald Rearrangement of Propenylbenzene Epoxides to Phenyl-2-Propanones Electrolytic oxidation of safrole to MDP2P Procedure for the oxidation of isosafrole to MDP2P using Oxone Epoxidation of propenylbenzenes using dimethyldioxirane or oxone MDP2P from (iso)safrole via epoxide intermediate Epoxidation of Safrole, using H2O2 and a peroxotungstate catalyst Epoxidation using a Manganese Catalyst (PDF) MDP2P from isosafrole via the dibromide, bromohydrin and epoxide Isomerisation of Epoxides to Carbonyl Compounds by Iodides in DMSO Electrochemical Rearrangement of Isosafrole Epoxide to MDP2P Photochemical Conversion of Halohydrins to Ketones Epoxidation of Olefins without Metal Catalysts Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols with KMnO₄/PTC Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols with Iodine and KIO₃ Synthesis of N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS) and using it to prepare iodohydrin acetates from alkenes Piperonal/Catechol/Eugenol related Piperonal from Pepper Piperonal from isosafrole Alkenes to Aldehydes with KMnO₄ Isosafrole from piperonal Novel synthesis of Piperonal MDMA precursors from Eugenol Demethylation (Vanillin/Eugenol) and Methylenation (Piperonal/Safrole) A Re-examination of the Methylenation Reaction Synthesis of 4-allylcatechol (3,4-dihydroxyallylbenzene) Synthesis of 4-allylcatechol (Mechanism of Claisen Rearrangement in Catechols) Synthesis of Safrole from catechol Synthesis of Safrole and o-Safrole MDP2P from piperonal via 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-2-nitropropene Large-scale MDA from piperonal Preparation of MDP-2-nitropropene from piperonal with MeOH/NaOH Electrooxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal (PDF) Electrochemical Oxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal and Isosafrole Glycol Isomerization of Eugenol to Isoeugenol - Kinetic Studies Reductive amination Reductive amination of MDP2P with NaBH₄ MDA by reductive amination with Sodium Cyanoborohydride Al/Hg reductive amination of MDP2P using nitromethane as methylamine source [Pictures] Preparation of Aluminum Amalgam Osmium's variation of the Al/Hg reductive amination of MDP2P MDP2P/Methylamine reductive amination Osmium/BrightStar Style Impurities detected in MDMA made by Al/Hg Reductive Amination Catalytic hydrogenation of MDP2P/Methylamine to MDMA Reductive amination with NaBH4 and titanium(IV)isopropoxide Reductive amination with NaBH4, titanium(IV)isopropoxide and methanolic methylamine Reductive Amination of Ketones to Primary Amines using NH₄Cl/NaBH₄ Reduction of Oximes and Phenylacetonitriles with ZrCl₄/NaBH₄ MDA from MDP2P via the oxime, reduced by sodium metal MDA by Al/Hg reduction of MDP2P oxime in acidic EtOH MDMA and MDA via the Leuckart reaction MDE synthesis via reductive amination with nitroethane MDE synthesis via reductive amination with ethylamine Sodium Dithionite for the Reduction of Imines and Cleavage of Oximes Electrochemical Reductive Amination Method Electrochemical Reductive Amination of P2P's over a Mercury Cathode (PDF) Reductive Amination with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride (PDF) Reductive amination using metallic magnesium Reductive amination of ketones using Pd/C and formic acid (PDF) Synthesis of Secondary Amines - A Review Aqueous NaBH4 Reductive Amination of Phenylacetones Hydrogenation of imines (DejaVu Format) Reductive Amination Using Potassium Formate and Palladium Acetate (PDF) Reductive Amination using Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER) Methylation of Amines with NaBH₄ and ZnCl₂ in DCM Wacker Oxidation Methods Benzoquinone/DMF Wacker Oxidation of Safrole Benzoquinone/Methanol Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Methyl Man) Improvements to the Benzoquinone Wacker DMF/O₂ Wacker Oxidation of Safrole KRV/SRV Methanol/O₂ Wacker Oxidation of Safrole Discussions about the Alkyl Nitrite Wacker Oxidation of Safrole Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Improvement) Regioselectivity in the Wacker oxidation of Propenylbenzenes (PDF) Cyclodextrin - Palladium Chloride as a Ketone-selective Wacker Oxidation System (Meth)amphetamines Crystal Creations (Archived Website Snapshot) Worlock's Meth Synthesis Page (Archived Website Snapshot) Resolution of Racemic Amphetamines into d- and l-Amphetamines Methamphetamine and P2P from phenylacetaldehyde Notes on the synthesis of chloroephedrine and reduction to methamphetamine Chloroephedrine Reduction to Methamphetamine Synthesis of phenylpropanolamine (PPA) CTH reduction of Phenyl-2-Nitropropene to Amphetamine Uncle Fester's Electroreduction of (pseudo)Ephedrine Phosphoramidomercuration of allylbenzene to give amphetamine Syntheses of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine A review of amphetamine and methamphetamine reduction methods The Clandestine Drug Laboratory Situation in the United States 1978-81 Reductive amination overview with references Reductive alkylation overview with references Methamphetamine from P2P with NaBH₄ Al/Hg reductive amination under pressure Large scale meth production via catalytic hydrogenation Preparation of amphetamine phosphate (electrolytic reduction of phenylnitropropene) One Pot Amphetamine synth from BzCN, MeI and NaBH₄ Amphetamine from P2NP using Urushibara Nickel (NiCl₂/Al) Meth from Benzylmagnesium chloride alkylation of acetaldehyde methylimine Methamphetamine from Phenyl-2-Propanone Methamphetamines from Amphetamines Synthesis of Allylbenzene from Cinnamaldehyde Synthesis of Benzyl Chloride Synthesis of Benzyl Cyanide Synthesis of Phenylacetic acid Allylbenzene - PhMgBr/CuI/Allylbromide PTC Willgerodt synthesis of Phenylacetic acids from Acetophenones Synthesis of Phenyl-2-nitropropene Comprehensive Leuckart Reaction Overview from Organic Reactions (PDF) Synthesis of Allylbenzene and Phenyl-2-bromopropane Direct Amination of Phenylpropenes to Amphetamines (German PDF) Preparation of Amphetamines from Phenylpropanolamines Optically pure Amphetamines by the way of alpha-Methylhydrocinnamic Acid Amphetamine Synthesis via an Acetoacetate Intermediate Reduction of benzylic alcohols to hydrocarbons with iodotrimethylsilane Dehydration of Phenyl-1-propanol to Propenylbenzene Synthesis of (S)-(+)-Amphetamine from (1S,2S)-2-Amino-1-Phenyl-1,3-Propanediol Amphetamine by Al/Hg reductive amination of P2P Efficient Isomerization of Allylbenzene with NaOH/PTC Synthesis of Deuterio-l-Amphetamine d₁ Sulfate Synthesis of Deuterated Methamphetamine, DOB, PCP and Methaqualone Birch reduction The Complete Birch by Mr Clean Birch reduction of pseudoephedrine to Methamphetamine The Birch Reaction: Methamphetamine from (pseudo)ephedrine Chem Guy's notes on Birch-like reductions Birch Reduction kinetics (PDF) Anhydrous ammonia additivies inhibiting Birch reductions (PDF) Patent for Birch reduction inhibiting ammonia additives (PDF) How to reclaim Lithium metal from Lithium batteries (with pictures) P2P related Phenyl-2-Propanone (P2P) Syntheses - a Review Synthesis of Phenyl-2-Propanone via Phenyl-2-Propanol Phenyl-2-Propanone from Allylbenzene via P2Pol Phenyl-2-Propanol from Styrene Oxide Synthesis of P2P from 3-phenyl-1-chloropropane The Nef Reaction - Phenyl-2-nitropropane to P2P Improved H₂O₂/K₂CO₃ Nef Reaction Synthesis of p-Methoxy-P2P P2P from propenylbenzenes Azlactone Route to Phenyl-2-Propanones from Benzaldehydes Tin(II)Chloride reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's CdCl₂-Mg-H₂O reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's Raney Ni-Na₂PO₂ reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's Strecker degradation of α-Methyl-Phenylalanine to P2P P2P by Hydroboration-Oxidation of Phenylpropyne Phenylacetones from O-Methyl Bromoacetone Oxime Phenylacetone by Wacker Oxidation of Propenylbenzene Differentiation of P2P Synthesized from Phenylacetic Acid with Acetic Anhydride vs. Lead(II)Acetate P2P trough Meerwein Arylation of Aniline Reaction of Aryllithiums with Epichlorohydrin Electroreductive Acylation of Benzyl Chloride to P2P Electroreductive Arylation of Chloroacetone to P2P P2P from n-Propylbenzene using the Étard Reaction Ephedrine related Ephedrine: Synthesis, extraction and esterification Synthesis and resolution of racemic Ephedrine Enantioselective Synthesis of (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine Racemization of Optically Active Ephedrines Comprehensive reference work on the extraction and synthesis of (pseudo)ephedrine Comparison of the Properties of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine Ephedrine and its Salts - Isolation and Properties Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine and (Pseudo)Ephedrine [Patent] Synthesis of Ephedrine Synthesis of the Norephedrine Precursor (1R,2S)-1-Phenyl-2-nitropropanol Catalytic reduction of Ephedrine overview with references Ephedra (Ma Huang) as a source of (pseudo)ephedrine Chapter 5: Supercritical extraction of Pseudoephedrine from pills (PDF) Biotransformations for Ephedrine Production (PDF) l-Phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) from Benzaldehyde (PDF) Phenylpropanolamine by reductive amination of L-PAC, made by fermentation of Benzaldehyde Debunking the Myth of Ephedrine/Methamphetamine in Chicken Feed dl-Ephedrine by reductive amination of 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione Ephedrine-type Alkaloid content of commercial Ephedra/Ma Huang preparations (PDF) Separation of methamphetamine from ephedrine through steam distillation Comprehensive article on (pseudo)ephedrine acetyl ester and amide (PDF) Pseudoephedrine pill denaturant patents US6136864 (PDF) Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Waterless A/B Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Full Turps Cure Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: E-Gull & IDEA Method Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Straight to Bee Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Straight to E Extraction of OTC Medications: A Preliminary Study Report by G.N. Gietzen (PDF) HI/P reduction of ephedrine Methamphetamine Synthesis Via HI/Red Phosphorous Reduction of Ephedrine Meth via HI/P by Wizard X Hypophosphorous Acid synthesis and reduction of (pseudo)ephedrine Hypophosphorous Acid reduction of (pseudo)ephedrine (with pictures) Placebo's meth synthesis Workup of the RP/HI Methamphetamine Synthesis The Mechanism of HI generation from RedP/I₂ Phenylalanine Related Reduction of D-Phenylalanine to d-Amphetamine Reduction of D-Phenylalanine to d-Amphetamine and d-Methamphetamine Phenylalanine to Amphetamine-d₃ Possible electrochemical conversion of L-Phenylalanine to d-Amphetamine Reduction of Tyrosine to Optically Active para-Methoxyamphetamine (PMA) Methamphetamine Impurities Impurities Found in Methamphetamine Synthesized From Ephedrine with HI/P Impurities Found in Methamphetamine Synthesized via chloroephedrine Impurities Found in Illicit Amphetamine and Methamphetamine References regarding impurities from the synthesis of methamphetamine Impurities in Methamphetamine Synthesized From Ephedrine with HI/P Impurities in methamphetamine tablets found in Thailand (PDF) Reidentification of a Major Impurity in Illicit Amphetamine By-Product Contamination of Clandestinely Prepared Amphetamines and Cocaine The Origin of Alkenes in Illicit Amphetamine: Examination of the Illicit Synthesis of P2P [Bull. Narc.] Impurities in clandestinely produced amphetamine; A review [Bull. Narc.] Leuckart-specific impurities in amphetamine and methamphetamine [Bull. Narc.] Methamphetamine Impurity Profiling (Meth)cathinone Methcathinone FAQ 2.2 Criticism on the Cat FAQ Notes on the Synthesis of Methcathinone The Hyperreal Methcathinone Document Methcatinone via Jones Reagent Oxidation Synthesis and resolution of Cathinone from Phenylpropanolamine Comprehensive Methcatinone FAQ (In German) Synthesis of Dimethylcathinone Potentially Psychedelic Cathinone Analogs Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) Stereospecific synthesis, and optical resolution of Norpseudoephedrine (Methylenedioxy)Cathinone Characterization (PDF) Methcathinone Radiolabeling Ephedrone: 2-Methylamino-1-Phenylpropan-1-One (Jeff) The Identification of Cathinone in Khat (Catha edulis) TLC Identification Test for Khat (Catha edulis) Synthesis of Ephedrine & Methcathinone from Propionic Acid Misc. Phenethylamines PiHKAL - THE phenethylamine synthesis reference, by Alexander Shulgin A structural tour of Pihkal A comprehensive review of Pihkal, by Tyrone Slothrop Psychedelic Chemistry by M. V. Smith Novel Fluoro and Nitro analogs of TMA-2 and MMDA-2 A new route to 2,4,6-DOM and related compounds A new route to 3,5-dimethoxy-4-substituted-phenethylamines Ethylenediammonium diacetate - a novel nitrostyrene synthesis catalyst Decarboxylation of phenylalanines to phenethylamines Synthesis of 2C-D Synthesis of STP (DOM) 2,5-Dihydroxyalkylbenzenes from Benzoquinone Synthesis of DOC DOB Syntheses Without LAH Phenyl-2-nitropropenes from Propenylbenzenes Nitroalkenes from Alkenes using NaNO₂/I₂/Ethylene Glycol Nitroalkenes from Alkenes using KNO₂/I₂/THF/PTC Electrochemical transformation of alkenes to nitroalkenes Rhodanine route from benzaldehydes to phenylacetonitriles Synthesis of Indanylamphetamine (IAP) Formylation of Indane Synthesis of 5-Methyl-MDA Synthesis of 3-Methoxy-4-Methyl-Amphetamine (MMA) Synthesis of 4-Fluoroamphetamine Phenylnitropropenes and phenylacetones from benzaldehydes (Org. Syn.) Benzaldehydes from propenylbenzenes or cinnamic acids using KMnO4/alumina Synthesis of 2,5-dimethoxyallylbenzene Preparation of unsymmetrical 2,5-dialkoxybenzaldehydes Preparation of Phenethylamines from Benzyl Alcohols Preparation of Anethole and Asarone epoxide with H₂O₂/MeCN Synthesis of 4-Alkylthio-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehydes Alkylthio-benzaldehydes from Bromo-Benzaldehydes Synthesis of Phenethylamines from Phenylacetic Acids Synthesis of 2,3-Methylenedioxyamphetamines Ultrasound Promoted Nitrostyrene Synthesis 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone via Darzen Condensation 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone Synthesis of 3-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde Synthesis of 2C-CN Synthesis of 4-Methoxyphenol Synthesis of 3-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde Synthesis of 3,4-Methylenedioxy-5-methoxybromobenzene Synthesis of Fenfluramine, with an immense amount of novel amphetamine synthesis reactions Sodium Percarbonate Dakin Reaction: Benzaldehydes and acetophenones to phenols Benzaldehydes to phenols using H₂O₂ Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-2,6-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde Oxidation of benzylalcohols to benzaldehydes with acidic DMSO Benzaldehydes by reductive oxidation of benzoic acids 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Hydroxypropenylbenzene Synthesis of all the Trimethoxyphenylpropenes Synthesis of Croweacin and some of its derivatives KG-60-NEt₂ as Henry reaction catalyst Synthesis of 3-Methyl- and 4-Methyl-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde Synthesis of 4-Methoxyphenol 2,5-Dimethoxyacetophenone from Hydroquinone Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Fluoroethylamphetamine (DOEF) The Synthesis of Nitrostyrenes by the Henry Reaction Synthesis of 4-Fluoro-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOF) High-yielding synthesis of Amphetamines using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Olefination Alkyl Bromides to Secondary Amines using an aza-Wittig Reaction Oxidation of Allylbenzenes to Phenylacetaldehydes and Phenylacetaldoximes Synthesis of 2C-T-X Nitrostyrenes 2-Methoxy-3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde (Croweacinaldehyde) from Pyrogallol Synthesis of Croweacinaldehyde by Vilsmeyer Formylation Shulgin's first report on TMA First Synthesis of DOB Synthesis of 4-Methyl-3-Methoxy-Amphetamine (MMA) Alkylation of phenolic aldehydes with trimethyl phosphate Thiolation of 4-Methoxyphenol to 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxythiophenol Shulgin & Nichols: First report on Aleph and 2C-T First Reported Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) MMDA related Shulgin's first report on MMDA Shulgin: MMDA Psychopharmacology Conversion of Eugenol to Myristicin and Elimicin Composition of the Myristicin Fraction from Oil of Nutmeg Synthesis of Myristicin Myristicinaldehyde (3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Methoxybenzadehyde) Synthesis of Myristicinaldehyde and Apiolealdehyde Homomyristicinic Acid, Myristicinaldehyde etc. from Myristicin Synthesis of Myristicinaldehyde and 5-Hydroxypiperonal 5-Hydroxyvanillin and 5-Hydroxy-3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde from 5-Bromovanillin DMMDA-2 related Synthesis of DMMDA-2, 6-Br-DMMDA-2 and DMMDMA-2 DMMDA-2 from dillapiole via the Delepine reaction Isodillapiole Pseudonitrosite and Nitropropene 2,3-Dimethoxy-4,5-Methylenedioxy-Phenylacetone from Isodillapiole 4,5-Dimethoxy-2,3-Methylenedioxyallylbenzene (pseudo-Dillapiole) Syntheses of Dillapiole and its 4-Methylthio analog Synthesis of Dillapiole and 1,2,3,4-Tetramethoxyallylbenzene Shulgin's first report on DMMDA and DMMDA-2 TMA-2 related 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene from asarone via the benzaldehyde TMA-2 from Calamus oil, using Wacker Oxidation and Leuckart amination TMA-2 from Calamus root bark - by Randolph Carter Reduction of 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene to TMA-2 Synthesis of 2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, a TMA-2 precursor CTH Reduction of 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitropropene to the ketoxime Reactions of Asarone GC Behavior of Asarone, Isosafrole, Isoeugenol and Methyl Isoeugenol cis/trans isomers Asarone Epoxidation Using Sodium Hypochlorite Why Asarone Cannot be Used in the Performic Oxidation New synthetic route for analogs of alpha-asarone Conversion of beta-Asarone into 2,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamaldehyde and gamma-Asarone Mescaline related Mescaline from 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde via the Phenylacetonitrile Mescaline synthesis monograph from The Alkaloids Vol III Synthesis of Mescaline from eucalyptus sawdust Synthesis and Pharmacology of 2,6-Dichloromescaline MMDA & Mescaline synthesis from vanillin Electrosynthesis of mescaline Mescaline through catalytic hydrogenation Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Vanillin 5-Iodovanillin and 5-hydroxyvanillin from Vanillin Synthesis of Syringaldehyde Syringaldehyde from Spruce and Maple Woods Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from p-Cresol Extraction of Mescaline from Cacti 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Vanillin, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde or p-Cresol 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Gallic Acid (3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic Acid) An Improved Synthesis of Mescaline from Gallic Acid Syringaldehyde from 5-Bromovanillin by Ester-catalyzed Methanolysis Synthesis of Mescaline from 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol using the Mannich Reaction Syntheses of Mescaline from Gallic acid Shulgin: Mescaline - The Chemistry and Pharmacology of its Analogs Illustrated Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-beta-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane 2C-B related 2C-B Synthesis from 2,5-DMB Beaker's 2C-B synthesis using borohydride/CTH Improved NaBH4 reduction of nitrostyrenes to phenylnitroalkanes High-yield synthesis of 2C-H using LAH 2C-B Synthesis via Mannich reaction 2C-H via Darzen condensation Discussions of possible new 2C-B syntheses Reports on different successful 2C-B syntheses Synthesis of 2C-H via a mandelonitrile intermediate A novel route to 2C-B (and 2C-D/2C-E) Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethoxynitrostyrene to give 2C-H Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethoxynitrostyrene to 2C-H Improved bromination of 2C-H to 2C-B Bromination of 2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde Selective Bromination and Iodination of 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde Large-scale 2C-H bromination with pictures Synthesis of 2C-B from Anise Oil (PDF) Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetic Acid, the corresponding aldehyde, alcohol and ethyl ester Aromatic Iodination/Chlorination # Iodination of methoxybenzenes with I₂/NaNO₃ Iodination of substituted benzenes with N-iodosuccinimide/TFA (PDF) Iodination of Methoxyamphetamines (I₂/AgSO₄) Iodination of Methoxybenzenes with NIS Aromatic Iodination Halogenation of methoxybenzenes with N-halosuccinimides 2C-C and DOC with N-chlorosuccinimide and perchloric acid Synthesis of 4-Chloro-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-C) Regioselective Halogenation of Aromatics Using Potassium Halides and Oxone Regioselective Oxyiodination of Aromatics Using KI/Oxone Regioselective Bromination of Aromatics Using KBr/Oxone Regioselective Chlorination of Aromatics Using KCl/Oxone Aromatic Iodination with Lead Tetraacetate as the Oxidant Aromatic Chlorination with Sodium Hypochlorite Synthesis of 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde Iodination of Methoxybenzenes using Alkali Iodides and H₂SO₄ Iodination of Methoxybenzenes using a Mixture of Potassium Iodide and Iodate Shulgin: Synthesis of Radio-Iodinated N,N-Dimethyl-meta-Dimethoxyamphetamines Shulgin: Synthesis of ¹²¹I and ¹²⁵I Radioiodinated 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI) Shulgin: Synthesis of ¹²³I Radioiodinated 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI) Synthesis of ⁷⁷Br Radiobrominated 4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine (DOB) Reductions Reduction of Nitroalkenes with Zinc and Aluminum Amalgams 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Alkoxy-Phenethylamines by Zn/HCl Reduction of Nitrostyrenes Phenethylamines fron nitrostyrenes via 1 atm catalytic hydrogenation Reduction of Phenylacetonitriles and Nitrostyrenes to PEA's with LiBH₄/ NaBH₄and TMSCl Notes on the LAH reduction of nitrostyrenes Reduction of Nitrostyrenes with Red-Al (Vitride) Reduction of Nitrostyrenes to Phenethylamines using Red-Al Miscellaneous reductions of oximes to amines High-Yield Oxime Preparation using CaO/Hydroxylamine·HCl Nitrostyrene reduction using diisobutylaluminium hydride Zinc Borohydride Reducing Agent (PDF) Sodium Cyanoborohydride - Synthesis, Purification and Use (PDF) Sodium Cyanoborohydride Reduction - Review (DjVu) Borch Reduction - Cyanotrihydridoborate as a selective reducing agent (PDF) Sodium Borohydride/Carboxylic Acids - Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride (PDF) Sodium Borohydride in Carboxylic Acid Media - Review (DjVu) Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrostyrenes at 1 atm H₂ Aqueous CTH with PdCl₂/HCOOH/NaOH of cinnamic acids to hydrocinnamates Synthesis and Reduction of Azides Reductive Acetylation: Azides to N-acetylamines with AlI₃/Ac₂O Reduction of Azides to Amines with Zinc/NH₄Cl Reduction of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Nickel Boride Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes Oximes from Conjugated Nitroalkenes using Pd/C-Ammonium Formate CTH Oximes from Conjugated Nitroalkenes using Lead Powder Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Ammonium Formate Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Hydrazinium Formate Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Magnesium/Hydrazinium Formate Reduction of nitroalkenes to nitroalkanes with 2-phenylbenzimidazoline Reduction of nitroalkenes to nitroalkanes with Triethylamine-Formic Acid Poisoning and Deactivation of Palladium Catalysts (PDF) Nitrostyrenes to Nitroalkanes with Methanolic Sodium Borohydride Nitrostyrenes to Nitroalkanes with Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER) Reduction of Phenylacetonitriles to Phenethylamines Electroreduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (DejaVu Format) Reduction of Phenolic Nitrostyrenes with LAH Electroreduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes and Amines Reductions with Sodium Borohydride/Sulfur - NaBH₂S₃ (PDF) Reductions with Alkyloxyaluminohydrides, Red-Al etc. (PDF) Selective Reduction of Aldehydes with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride CTH Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes using Pd/C-Decaborane Ultrasound-Promoted Aluminum Amalgam reduction of Nitroalcohols to Aminoalcohols Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Hydroxylamines using Boranes One-Pot Preparation of N-Substituted Hydroxylamines from Nitroalkenes using Boranes Reduction of Nitroalkanes to Amines or Hydroxylamines using SmI₂ Reduction of Oximes to Amines with a Zn-Cu Couple Selective Reduction of Nitro Compounds Using Formic Acid and Raney Nickel High-yielding reduction of nitrostyrenes to amines using Al/Hg Reduction of oximes to amines using Magnesium/Ammonium Formate Catalytic Reduction of Nitriles and Oximes Reduction of Amides and nitriles to amines using Tetrabutylammonium Borohydride CTH reduction of aldehydes and ketones to carbonyl compounds Pd/C- Hypophosphite CTH Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes Varma & Kabalka: Reduction of Conjugated Nitroalkenes with Boron Reagents (Review) Varma & Kabalka: Synthesis and Reduction of Conjugated Nitroalkenes (Review) Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Amines with Titanium(II) Reagents Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Amines with in situ prepared BH₃·THF Reduction of Nitroalkenes and Nitroalkanes to Amines Using NaBH₄/NiCl₂ and Ultrasound Zinc/Ammonium Formate: Reduction of Oximes to Amines Benzyl Group Hydrogenolysis Using Zinc and Ammonium Formate Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes using Chromium(II)Chloride Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Ketones using Chromium(II)Chloride Review: Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer Reductions Using Ammonium Formate CTH Reduction of Nitroalkanes to Amines Tryptamines TiHKAL - THE tryptamine synthesis reference, by Alexander Shulgin Tryptamine Synthesis from Tryptophan Synthesis of Tryptamine and 5-MeO-Tryptamine Synthesis of 5-Methoxytryptamine (Mexamine) alpha-Methyltryptamine (IT-290, AMT) Synthesis Indole-3-acetaldehyde from Tryptophan Synthesis of 5-Bromo-Indole Synthesis of Indoleacetic acid Synthesis of 5-Cyano-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-CN-DMT) Synthesis of 7-bromotryptamine HCl Indole-3-acetonitrile by Cyanomethylation of Indole Preparation of alpha-Substituted Tryptamines from Isatins The Speeter-Anthony Tryptamine Synthesis Psilocybin related Extraction, TLC Analysis and Purification of Psilocybian Alkaloids Synthesis of Psilocin Synthesis of Psilocybin and 4-Acetoxy-DMT (O-Acetyl-psilocin) Psilocin Analogs, bromine or formyl substituted at either the 5- or 7-position (PDF) Psilocin synthesis through Pd-catalyzed alkyne cyclization (PDF) Large-scale synthesis of Psilocin and Psilocybin (PDF) Extraction and analysis of indole derivatives from fungal biomass Psilocin Extraction from Psilocybe Mushrooms DMT DMT and DET synthesis Synthesis of DMT (and analogs) from Tryptamine Synthesis of DMT from Indoleacetic acid Synthesis of DMT via Tryptophol DMT synthesis via direct Fischer Indole Synthesis DMT from 2-nitrostyrenes DMT and 5-MeO-DMT from Me₂NH/Cl-CH₂CHO/Indole DMT tartrate prep, starting from Acacia maidenii bark 5-Methoxy-N-Methyltryptamine (O,N-Dimethylserotonin), synthesis, isolation and analysis 5-MeO-DMT Analysis: Quantitative & Qualitative TLC (PDF) Synthesis of DMT by Alkylating Indole Grignard Reagents Synthesis of Deuterated DMT and 5-MeO-DMT LSD LSD from Ergotamine Tartrate Novel synthetic route to LSD from elymoclavine LSD Synthesis: Discussion & References LSD Material Safety Data Sheet How to field test blotters for presence of LSD Possible two-step synth of LSD from LSA and iso-LSA LSD Syntheses from 'Recreational Drugs' by Prof. Buzz LSD Synthesis Patent LSD Synthesis using Peptide Coupling Reagents LSD Trafficking overview by the DEA LSD Manufacture overview by the DEA Field Identification Manual for Claviceps Ergot Fungus (PDF) Synthesis of Lysergic Acid from Paspalic Acid Ergot Alkaloid article by Arthur Stoll (PDF) LSD Total Synthesis by Cobalt-catalyzed cyclization of 4-Ethynyl-Indole-3-Acetonitrile (PDF) Synthetic Studies on (+)-Lysergic Acid (PDF) Ergot Alkaloid Biosynthesis, Tet. 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Yogi Shan's Clandestine Chemistry FAQ Clandestine Drug Laboratories DEA report on future synthetic drugs of abuse Alexander Shulgin elaborates on future drugs of abuse Review: Clandestine Drug Synthesis Methamphetamine Control Act Methamphetamine Control Act FAQ Methamphetamine Precursor Chemical Control in the 1990's Precursors Frequently used in Clandestine Laboratories by INCB (PDF) Drugs and Chemicals of Concern Drug Precursor Chemical Control in Canada Amphetamine-type Stimulants - A Global Overview (PDF) Chemical Diversion and Synthetic Drug Manufacture (PDF) Code of Practice for Supply Diversion into Illicit Drug Manufacture (Australia) The Control and Monitoring of Drugs and Chemicals to Prevent their Diversion for Illicit Use (Australia) Controlled Substances and Precursors CSA - Canada CSA - Canada, with structural diagrams CSA - United States (Schedules 1999) CSA - United States (Entire Act) CSA - United States (Controlled substances and exemptions) CSA - Germany Grundstoffüberwachungsgesetz (Germany, PDF) Regulation on narcotic substances (Iceland) Sweden - Controlled Substances Norway - Controlled Substances Norway - List of herbs and compounds classified as pharmaceuticals CSA - Estonia Drug precursors subject to EU authorisations List I and List II Chemicals (US) UN Report INCB/1999/4 on illicit drug precursor trafficking UN Report INCB/1998/4 on illicit drug precursor trafficking Equipment & Lab Technique Setup for standard, vacuum and fractional distillation All-glass rotary evaporator Aspirator vacuum station with no need for running water Improvised Overhead Stirrer Homemade microgram scale Natural pH Indicators Digital vacuum gauge Build your own high-quality still (PDF) Do it yourself buchner funnel (PDF) Tips for Safe Parr Hydrogenator Use (PDF) A Simple and Easy Quick-Connect System for Condenser Hoses How to set up distillation equipment and much more (in German) Handling of air- and moisture-sensitive reagents (Aldrich Bulletin) Ground Glassware - Sizes and standards (PDF) Efficient Kugelrohr Distillation Cooling (PDF) Cheaply made Glove Box Very detailed distillation setup instructions Construction and Selection of Fume Hood Designs (PDF) Construction of a Liebig condenser from copper tubing How to perform a vacuum filtration How to perform extractions and washes with a separatory funnel Destruction and neutralization of hazardous lab waste Magnetic Stirrer Plans How thick is your Aluminum Foil? 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